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1796–97 United States House of Representatives elections

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1796–97 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1794 & 1795 August 12, 1796 – October 15, 1797 1798 & 1799 →
All 106 seats in the United States House of Representatives
54 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Jonathan Dayton[1] Nathaniel Macon
Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Leader's seat New Jersey at-large North Carolina 5
Last election 47 seats 59 seats
Seats won 57 49
Seat change Increase 10 Decrease 10
Results:
     Federalist hold      Federalist gain
     Democratic-Republican hold      Democratic-Republican gain
     Undistricted territory

The 1796–97 United States House of Representatives elections took place in the various states took place between August 12, 1796 (in North Carolina), and October 15, 1797 (in Tennessee). Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. The size of the House increased to 106 seats after Tennessee became the 16th state to join the union. The first session of the 5th United States Congress was convened on May 15, 1797, at the proclamation of the new President of the United States, John Adams. Since Kentucky and Tennessee had not yet voted, they were unrepresented until the second session began on November 13, 1797.

Gains for the Federalist Party provided the president with a reliable majority in support of his policies. Many of the Federalist pick-ups in Congress came from the former Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware). New England remained heavily Federalist, whereas the South and West favored Democratic-Republican candidates. Federalist trade and infrastructure policies found widespread approval in the Mid-Atlantic states during this era. With the growth of cities in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York, government intervention in the interest of industrialization and mercantilism became more attractive to voting citizens in these areas.

During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections to a Congress took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when the Congress convened. In some states the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).

Election summaries

[edit]

During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year). The 1st session of the 5th Congress ran May 15 – July 10, 1797,[1] before the states of Kentucky and Tennessee had their elections, causing those states to be unrepresented in the 1st session.

↓
49 57
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type ↑
Date 		Total
seats 		Democratic-
Republican 		Federalist
Seats Change Seats Change
Regular elections
North Carolina Districts August 12, 1796 10 9 Steady 1 Steady
New Hampshire At-large August 29, 1796[a] 4 0 Decrease 1 4 Increase 1
Rhode Island At-large August 30, 1796 2 0 Steady 2 Steady
Vermont Districts September 9, 1796[b] 2 1 Steady 1 Steady
Connecticut At-large September 19, 1796 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
Maryland Districts October 3, 1796 8 2 Decrease 2 6 Increase 2
Delaware At-large October 4, 1796 1 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1
Pennsylvania Districts October 11, 1796 13 7 Decrease 2 6 Increase 2
South Carolina Districts October 11, 1796 6 3 Decrease 1 3 Increase 1
Georgia At-large November 7, 1796 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Massachusetts Districts November 7, 1796[c] 14 3 Steady 11 Steady
New York Districts December 15, 1796 10 4 Decrease 1 6 Increase 1
New Jersey At-large January 11, 1797 5 0 Steady 5 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1797 start of Congress)
Virginia Districts March 20, 1797 19 15 Decrease 2 4 Increase 2
Kentucky Districts September 2, 1797 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee At-large October 15, 1797 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Total 106 49
46.2% 		Decrease10 57
53.8% 		Increase10
House seats
Democratic-Republican
 
 46.23%
Federalist
 
 53.77%

Special elections

[edit]
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

Elections are sorted by election date, then by district.

Fourth Congress

[edit]

There were special and late elections to the 4th Congress in 1796.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 2 Gabriel Duvall Democratic-
Republican 		1794 (special) Incumbent resigned March 28, 1796, having been elected judge of the Supreme Court of Maryland.
New member elected April 18, 1796 and seated May 5, 1796.[d]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was later elected to the next term; see below.
Massachusetts 10 Benjamin Goodhue Federalist 1789 Incumbent resigned in June 1796 to become a U.S. Senator.
New member elected September 12, 1796 and seated December 7, 1796.[d][1]
Federalist hold.
Winner was later elected to the next term; see below.
First ballot (August 1, 1796)[4]
  • ▌Samuel Sewall (Federalist) 31.9%
  • ▌Jonathan Ingersoll (Unknown) 22.5%
  • ▌John Morris (Unknown) 21.2%
  • ▌John Cabot (Unknown) 10.5%
  • ▌Samuel Holten (Federalist) 6.8%
  • ▌Elias H. Dooly (Unknown) 4.0%
  • Scattering 3.1%
Second ballot (September 12, 1796)[5]
Connecticut at-large James Hillhouse Federalist 1790 Incumbent resigned July 1, 1796 to become U.S. Senator.
New member elected September 19, 1796 and seated December 5, 1796.[d]
Federalist hold.
On the same day, winner lost election to the next term; see below.
Maryland 3 Jeremiah Crabb Federalist 1794 Incumbent resigned in 1796.
New member elected October 3, 1796 and seated December 5, 1796.[d]
Federalist hold.
On the same ballot, winner was elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 5 Daniel Hiester Democratic-
Republican 		1788 Incumbent resigned July 1, 1796.
New member elected October 11, 1796 and seated December 8, 1796.[d]
Federalist gain.
Tennessee at-large None (District created) New state admitted June 1, 1796.
New member elected October 15, 1796 and seated December 5, 1796.[d]
Democratic-Republican gain.
Rhode Island at-large Benjamin Bourne Federalist 1790 (late ratification) Incumbent resigned in 1796 to become a U.S. district judge.
New member elected November 15, 1796 and seated December 19, 1796.[d]
Federalist hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.
Massachusetts 1 Theodore Sedgwick Federalist 1789 Incumbent resigned in June 1796, having been elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected November 21, 1796 and seated January 27, 1797.[d][1]
Democratic-Republican gain.
First ballot (September 5, 1796)[10]
  • ▌Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 48.0%
  • ▌Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 49.9%
  • Scattering 2.1%
  • Second ballot (November 21, 1796)[11]
  • ▌Green tickY Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 62.7%
  • ▌Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 32.0%
  • Scattering 5.3%
North Carolina 4 Absalom Tatom Democratic-
Republican 		1795 Incumbent resigned June 1, 1796.
New member elected November 28, 1796 and seated December 13, 1796.
Federalist gain.
Winner did not run for the next term.
Connecticut at-large Uriah Tracy Federalist 1792 Incumbent resigned October 13, 1796 to become U.S. Senator.
New member elected December 5, 1796 and seated January 3, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below.

Fifth Congress

[edit]

There were special and late elections to the 5th Congress in 1797.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Vermont 2 Daniel Buck Federalist 1795 Incumbent re-elected, but declined to serve.
New member elected May 23, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 56.9%
  • ▌Stephen Jacob (Federalist) 13.6%
  • ▌Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 11.2%
  • ▌Amasa Paine (Federalist) 6.6%
  • Scattering 11.8%[13]
Massachusetts 11 Theophilus Bradbury Federalist 1794/95 Incumbent resigned July 24, 1797.
New member elected August 4, 1797 and seated November 27, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
New Hampshire at-large Jeremiah Smith Federalist 1794 Incumbent resigned July 26, 1797.
New member elected August 28, 1797 and seated December 15, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
First ballot (August 28, 1797)
Second ballot (October 30, 1797):
Rhode Island at-large Elisha Potter Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent resigned sometime in 1797.
New member elected August 29, 1797 and seated November 13, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
South Carolina 1 William L. Smith Federalist 1788 Incumbent resigned July 10, 1797.
New member elected September 4–5, 1797 and seated November 23, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
Connecticut at-large James Davenport Federalist 1796 (special) Died August 3, 1797.
New member elected September 18, 1797 and seated November 13, 1797.[d]
Federalist hold.
Tennessee at-large Andrew Jackson Democratic-
Republican 		1797 (new state) Incumbent resigned in September 1797 when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected September 26, 1797 and seated November 23, 1797, despite being under the minimum age for service.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 5 George Ege Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent resigned in October 1797.
New member elected October 10, 1797 and seated December 1, 1797.[d]
Democratic-Republican gain.

Connecticut

[edit]
Connecticut's results
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut
See also: Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election, 1796; Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election, 1797; and List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Connecticut elected its seven representatives at-large on a general ticket.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large
7 seats on a general ticket 		Uriah Tracy Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Winner declined to serve.
Roger Griswold Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
Joshua Coit Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Zephariah Swift Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Winner declined to serve.
Nathaniel Smith Federalist 1795 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Chauncey Goodrich Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
James Hillhouse Federalist 1790 Incumbent resigned July 1, 1796.
Federalist hold.

Delaware

[edit]
Delaware's result
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large John Patten Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
  • ▌Green tickY James A. Bayard (Federalist) 56.3%
  • ▌William Perry (Democratic-Republican) 43.7%

Georgia

[edit]
Georgia's results
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Abraham Baldwin Democratic-
Republican 		1789 Incumbent re-elected.
John Milledge Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.

Kentucky

[edit]
Kentucky's results by district
Main article: 1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1
"Southern District" 		Christopher Greenup Democratic-
Republican 		1792 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky 2
"Northern District" 		Alexander D. Orr Democratic-
Republican 		1792 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Fowler (Democratic-Republican)[f]
  • ▌Notley Conn (Unknown)
  • ▌Edmund Bollock (Unknown)

Maryland

[edit]
Maryland's results by district
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
See also: 1796 Maryland's 2nd congressional district special election, 1796 Maryland's 3rd congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Maryland

Two of the four Democratic-Republicans were replaced by Federalists, bringing the Federalists from a 4–4 split to a 6–2 majority.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 George Dent Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 2 Richard Sprigg Jr. Democratic-Republican 1796 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 3 William Craik Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 4 Thomas Sprigg Democratic-Republican 1792 Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
Maryland 5 Samuel Smith Democratic-Republican 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 6 Gabriel Christie Democratic-Republican 1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Maryland 7 William Hindman Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 8 William V. Murray Federalist 1790 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.

Massachusetts

[edit]
Massachusetts's results
Massachusetts's results by district
Maine District of Massachusetts's results by district
Main article: 1796–1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
See also: 1796 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election, 1796 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election, 1797 Massachusetts's 11th congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional trials in three districts.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1
"1st Western District" 		Vacant Incumbent rep.-elect Theodore Sedgwick (F) resigned in June 1796 to become U.S. Senator.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New member also elected to finish the term on a later ballot; see above.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 56.4%
  • ▌Ephraim Williams (Federalist) 43.6%
Massachusetts 2
"2nd Western District" 		William Lyman Democratic-
Republican 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
First ballot (November 7, 1796)
  • ▌William Shepard (Federalist) 46.3%
  • ▌Sam Hinshaw (Unknown) 23.9%
  • ▌William Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 21.4%
  • ▌John Williams (Unknown) 4.0%
  • ▌Nahum Park (Unknown) 2.0%
  • Scattering 2.4%
Massachusetts 3
"3rd Western District" 		Samuel Lyman Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel Lyman (Federalist) 83.3%
  • ▌Daniel Bigelow (Democratic-Republican) 16.7%
Massachusetts 4
"4th Western District" 		Dwight Foster Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5
"1st Southern District" 		Nathaniel Freeman Federalist 1794 Incumbent switched parties and was re-elected.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Massachusetts 6
"2nd Southern District" 		John Reed Sr. Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Reed Sr. (Federalist) 78.8%
  • ▌Edward H. Robbins (Federalist) 21.2%
Massachusetts 7
"3rd Southern District" 		George Leonard Federalist 1788
1794 		Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
First ballot (November 7, 1796)
Second ballot (January 16, 1797)
Third ballot (April 3, 1797)
Massachusetts 8
"1st Middle District" 		Fisher Ames Federalist 1788 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
Massachusetts 9
"2nd Middle District" 		Joseph Varnum Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 10
"3rd Middle District" 		Samuel Sewall Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 11
"4th Middle District" 		Theophilus Bradbury Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 100%
Massachusetts 12
District of Maine
"1st Eastern District" 		Henry Dearborn Democratic-
Republican 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
First ballot (November 7, 1796)
Second ballot (January 16, 1797)
Massachusetts 13
District of Maine
"2nd Eastern District" 		Peleg Wadsworth Federalist 1792 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 100%
Massachusetts 14
District of Maine
"3rd Eastern District" 		George Thatcher Federalist 1788 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY George Thatcher (Federalist) 100%

New Hampshire

[edit]
New Hampshire's results
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

In 1796, New Hampshire had a single at-large district with 4 seats. Each voter cast 4 votes and a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required to be elected. Since only three candidates received a majority, a run-off was held between the candidates in fourth and fifth place to fill the remaining seat.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[g]
New Hampshire at-large
4 seats on a general ticket 		Jeremiah Smith Federalist 1790 Incumbent re-elected. First ballot (August 29, 1796)
Nicholas Gilman Federalist 1788/89 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
John S. Sherburne Democratic-
Republican 		1792 Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
Abiel Foster Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.

New Jersey

[edit]
New Jersey's results
Main article: 1797 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[g]
New Jersey at-large
5 seats on a general ticket 		Jonathan Dayton Federalist 1791 Incumbent re-elected.
Mark Thomson Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
Aaron Kitchell Federalist 1794 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist hold.
Thomas Henderson Federalist 1794 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist hold.
Isaac Smith Federalist 1794 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.

New York

[edit]
New York's results by district
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
See also: List of United States representatives from New York
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 1 Jonathan Nicoll Havens Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 2 Edward Livingston Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 3 Philip Van Cortlandt Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 4 John Hathorn Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Lucas Elmendorf (Democratic-Republican) 56.1%
  • ▌Conrad E. Elmendorf (Federalist) 43.9%
New York 5 Theodorus Bailey Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
New York 6 Ezekiel Gilbert Federalist 1793 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
New York 7 John E. Van Alen Federalist 1793 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 8 Henry Glen Federalist 1793 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 9 John Williams Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Federalist gain.
New York 10 William Cooper Federalist 1794 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist hold.

North Carolina

[edit]
North Carolina's results by district
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
See also: 1796 North Carolina's 4th congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from North Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 James Holland Democratic-
Republican 		1795 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
North Carolina 2 Matthew Locke Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 3 Jesse Franklin Democratic-
Republican 		1795 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
North Carolina 4 William F. Strudwick Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
North Carolina 5 Nathaniel Macon Democratic-
Republican 		1791 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 100%
North Carolina 6 James Gillespie Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 7 William B. Grove Federalist 1791 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William B. Grove (Federalist) 73.4%
  • ▌Duncan MacFarland (Democratic-Republican) 26.6%
North Carolina 8 Dempsey Burgess Democratic-
Republican 		1795 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Dempsey Burgess (Democratic-Republican)[f]
  • ▌Joseph Riddick (Democratic-Republican)
  • ▌James Gregory (Federalist)
  • ▌James Brown (Federalist)
North Carolina 9 Thomas Blount Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 10 Nathan Bryan Democratic-
Republican 		1795 Incumbent re-elected.

Pennsylvania

[edit]
Pennsylvania's results by district
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
See also: 1796 Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district special election, 1797 Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
Pennsylvania 1 John Swanwick Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Swanwick (Democratic-Republican) 51.3%
  • ▌Edward Tilghman (Federalist) 48.7%
Pennsylvania 2 Frederick Muhlenberg Democratic-
Republican 		1788 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 3 Richard Thomas Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Richard Thomas (Federalist) 52.9%
  • ▌William Gibbons (Democratic-Republican) 47.1%
Pennsylvania 4
Plural district with 2 seats 		Samuel Sitgreaves Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
John Richards Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Pennsylvania 5 Vacant Representative Daniel Hiester (D-R) resigned July 1, 1796.
Federalist gain.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.
Pennsylvania 6 Samuel Maclay Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 7 John W. Kittera Federalist 1791 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 8 Thomas Hartley Federalist 1788 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 9 Andrew Gregg Democratic-
Republican 		1791 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 53.8%
  • ▌William Irvine (Democratic-Republican) 32.0%
  • ▌James Wallace (Federalist) 7.9%
  • ▌Robert Whitehall (Democratic-Republican) 4.1%
  • ▌Thomas Kennedy (Federalist) 2.3%
Pennsylvania 10 David Bard Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 45.1%
  • ▌Abraham Smith (Democratic-Republican) 30.3%
  • ▌William M. Brown (Federalist) 24.6%
Pennsylvania 11 William Findley Democratic-
Republican 		1791 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William Findley (Democratic-Republican) 79.3%
  • ▌James Findley (Federalist) 20.7%
Pennsylvania 12 Albert Gallatin Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent re-elected.

Rhode Island

[edit]
Rhode Island's results
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island
See also: Rhode Island's at-large congressional district special election, 1796 and List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

Rhode Island had an at-large district with two seats, each of which were elected separately.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
Seat A 		Benjamin Bourne Federalist 1790 Incumbent re-elected.
Winner later declined the seat.
Rhode Island at-large
Seat B 		Francis Malbone Federalist 1792 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.

South Carolina

[edit]
South Carolina's results by district
Main article: 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: 1797 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1
"Charleston district" 		William L. Smith Federalist 1788 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2
"Beaufort district" 		Wade Hampton Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent retired.
Federalist gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John Rutledge Jr. (Federalist) 87.3%
  • ▌Elnathan Haskell (Democratic-Republican) 16.7%
South Carolina 3
"Georgetown district" 		Lemuel Benton Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican) 63.3%
  • ▌Tristam Thomas (Federalist) 24.4%
  • ▌Joseph Blyth (Federalist) 12.3%
South Carolina 4
"Camden district" 		Richard Winn Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 5
"Ninety-Six district" 		Robert Goodloe Harper Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6
"Washington district" 		Samuel Earle Democratic-
Republican 		1794 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William Smith (Democratic-Republican) 37.0%
  • ▌Abraham Nott (Federalist) 32.5%
  • ▌William Will (Democratic-Republican) 25.4%
  • ▌Samuel Lowrie (Federalist) 2.6%
  • ▌Robert Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 2.5%

Tennessee

[edit]
Tennessee's result
Main article: 1797 United States House of Representatives election in Tennessee
See also: Tennessee's at-large congressional district special election, 1797 and List of United States representatives from Tennessee
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee at-large Andrew Jackson Democratic-
Republican 		1796 Incumbent re-elected.
Winner later resigned in September 1797 when elected U.S. senator.

Vermont

[edit]
Vermont's results by district
Main article: 1796–1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
See also: 1797 Vermont's 2nd congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Vermont

Due to Vermont's law requiring a majority to secure a congressional seat, the 1st district required three ballots to choose a winner.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[g]
Vermont 1
"Western District" 		Israel Smith Democratic-
Republican 		1791 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
First ballot (September 9, 1796)
Second ballot (December 11, 1796)
Third ballot (February 7, 1797)
Vermont 2
"Eastern District" 		Daniel Buck Federalist 1795 Incumbent re-elected.
Winner declined the seat.

Virginia

[edit]
Virginia's results by district
Main article: 1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Virginia 1 Robert Rutherford Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Election unsuccessfully challenged by Rutherford.[1]
Virginia 2 Andrew Moore Democratic-Republican 1789 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY David Holmes (Democratic-Republican) 60.4%
  • ▌John Steele (Federalist) 27.5%
  • ▌John Bowyer (Democratic-Republican) 12.1%
Virginia 3 George Jackson Democratic-Republican 1795 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Virginia 4 Francis Preston Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold. 		▌Green tickY Abram Trigg (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 5 George Hancock Federalist 1793 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain. 		▌Green tickY John J. Trigg (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 6 Isaac Coles Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold. 		▌Green tickY Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 7 Abraham B. Venable Democratic-Republican 1790 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican)[f]
Virginia 8 Thomas Claiborne Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) 62.3%
  • ▌Jesse Browne (Federalist) 37.7%
Virginia 9 William B. Giles Democratic-Republican 1790 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 10 Carter B. Harrison Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 11 Josiah Parker Federalist 1789 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY Josiah Parker (Federalist) 100%
Virginia 12 John Page Democratic-Republican 1789 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Virginia 13 John Clopton Democratic-Republican 1795 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 14 Samuel J. Cabell Democratic-Republican 1795 Incumbent re-elected. ▌Green tickY Samuel J. Cabell (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 15 James Madison Democratic-Republican 1789 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Dawson (Democratic-Republican)[f]
  • ▌Thomas Posey (Federalist)
Virginia 16 Anthony New Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Anthony New (Democratic-Republican) 70.6%
  • ▌Carter Braxton Jr. (Federalist) 29.3%
  • ▌Robert P. Waring (Unknown) 0.1%
Virginia 17 Richard Brent Democratic-Republican 1795 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 18 John Nicholas Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 19 John Heath Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ New Hampshire law required a majority for election, requiring an additional ballot on November 7, 1796.
  2. ^ Vermont law required a majority for election, requiring additional ballots on December 11, 1796 and February 7, 1797.
  3. ^ Massachusetts law required a majority for election, requiring additional ballots on January 16, 1797 and April 3, 1797.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Date cited is the election date, but the new member in some cases "took" the seat on a later date.[2]
  5. ^ Source mistakenly gives party as Democratic-Republican; Tillinghast did later become a Democratic-Republican, but in the 5th Congress, he was a Federalist
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
  7. ^ a b c Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
  8. ^ Although Winn had run as a Democratic-Republican in the previous election, the source used stated that he'd run as a Federalist in this election, however, by the time he returned to Congress in 1801 he was a Democratic-Republican again
  9. ^ The source used does not list votes for Powell, but provides a citations stating "Col. Powell of Loudoun was expected to have been a candidate on this occasion; but from the present ill state of his health, it was understood he had declined and consequently had but a few votes."[24]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Fifth Congress (membership roster)". Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  2. ^ Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 0786402830.
  3. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD District 2 Race - Apr 18, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA - 3rd Middle - Special Election - 1st Trial Race - Aug 01, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA - 3rd Middle - Special Election - 2nd Trial Race - Sep 12, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  6. ^ "Maryland 1796 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3, Special". Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  7. ^ "Pennsylvania 1796 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5, Special". A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  8. ^ "Tennessee 1796 U.S. House of Representatives". A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  9. ^ "Our Campaigns - RI At-Large-1st Representative Race - Nov 15, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  10. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA - 1st Western - Special Election - 1st Trial Race - Sep 05, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  11. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA - 1st Western - Special Election - 2nd Trial Race - Nov 21, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  12. ^ "Our Campaigns - NC District 10 - Special Election Race - Nov 23, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns - VT-Eastern District - Special Election Race". www.ourcampaigns.com. May 23, 1797.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA - 4th Middle - Special Election Race". www.ourcampaigns.com. Aug 4, 1797.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - Special Election Race - Aug 28, 1797". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - Special Runoff Race". www.ourcampaigns.com. Oct 30, 1797.
  17. ^ "Our Campaigns - RI At-Large-1st Representative Race - Aug 29, 1797". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  18. ^ "South Carolina 1797 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1, Special". A New Nation Votes. Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  19. ^ "Connecticut 1797 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". A New Nation Votes. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  20. ^ "Tennessee 1797 U.S. House of Representatives". A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  21. ^ "Pennsylvania 1797 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5, Special". A New Nation Votes. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  22. ^ "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF). Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  23. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
  24. ^ Columbian Mirror and Alexandria Gazette. March 21, 1797.

Bibliography

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